T. Rowe Price and the International Finance Corporation (part of the World Bank Group) are partnering to grow the blue bond market to address the planetary and societal risks posed by the current underfunding of the blue economy.
The economic potential of the world’s oceans and water resources is immense, but under threat from multiple environmental and social factors. Innovations in blue financing can play an important part in creating a protected and sustainable water economy.
The blue economy represents a diverse and growing investment opportunity, spanning multiple industries from tourism to marine transport. The OECD expects the blue economy to double to US$3 trillion by 2030 versus 20101. At the same time, oceans and water resources are under threat from climate change, pollution, overfishing, and habitat damage, among a host of other pressures. Blue bonds recently emerged as a crucial tool to help support the blue economy and play a part in tackling the threats to the world’s water resources.
In September, T. Rowe Price held its inaugural Blue Economy Summit in New York, where stakeholders from financial institutions, scientists, and policymakers discussed how innovation, collaboration, and financial solutions can address the challenges of protecting ocean ecosystems while fostering sustainable economic growth.
Issuance of sustainable debt has exploded over the past 10 years as many investors seek to allocate capital to sustainability efforts while pursuing investment returns. But the amount of annual investment required to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) continues to grow, while the time available to achieve them diminishes.
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Earth’s oceans capture the majority of the global CO2 produced by humans, but their capacity to absorb that carbon is deteriorating. Achieving carbon reduction goals will likely require supporting ocean resources that are under stress from a variety of sources.
Tongai Kunorubwe, Head of ESG, Fixed Income at T. Rowe Price and Tomasz Telma, Director at the IFC discuss what needs to be done to fill the finance gap in the blue economy.
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Achieving clean water and healthy oceans, especially in emerging markets, requires crucial private sector investments. Blue bonds are highlighted as an efficient tool to bridge the funding gap in this often underappreciated SDG theme.
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Emerging markets face an uphill battle against issues such as water scarcity, droughts, and polluted oceans. In this article, we examine how blue bonds could offer a sound investment instrument to help fund solutions.
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In our inaugural season of The Angle from T. Rowe Price, we dive into the world of the blue economy. The economic contribution of the world's oceans and water resources is immense, including areas such as transportation, renewable energy, aquaculture, and utilities. At the same time, oceans and other water resources are under threat from climate change, pollution, overfishing, and habitat damage, among a host of other pressures. Can innovations in blue financing help create a more protected and sustainable water economy?
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Like other sustainable bonds, blue bonds need to be evaluated differently. Our investment team identify the important features to consider when evaluating and measuring the impact of a blue bond.
The blue economy are activities associated with preserving the health of the world's oceans and using those activities in a sustainable way that develops economies, supports the environment, and improves livelihoods.
An increasingly important environmental pressure point that we're contending with though is the declining health of the world's oceans.
Let's recall for a second the very important role that oceans play. They generate half our oxygen, absorb 90% of excess heat that's produced by human activity, as well as act as hosts to vital ecosystems.
Yet our oceans are under threat from issues such as climate change, pollution, overfishing, as well as habitat damage, among a host of other pressures.
And this is why governments, policymakers, companies, and communities are collectively seeking ways to support and mobilize investment into the blue economy.
And blue bonds have emerged as an exciting and innovative tool that could potentially help attract and bring forward some of that much needed investment into the ocean economy.
Blue bonds are debt instruments where proceeds are utilized to finance initiatives, such as providing access to clean water and sanitation, as well as promoting marine conservation and biodiversity to support the health of the world's oceans.
Blue bonds are an exciting and innovative component within the broader sustainable bond market.
Other areas of the sustainable bond market that you might be familiar with would include green bonds, social bonds, sustainability bonds, as well as sustainability-linked bonds.
It is early days, but we see momentum and interest increasingly building for blue bonds across the capital markets.
And blue bonds are important for three reasons: One, issues such as climate change, sustainability, and ocean health are intertwined. And blue bonds have the ability to provide investment to address these pressure points.
Secondly, blue bonds have the capacity to address funding gaps. Take the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals for instance. These were 17 goals written by UN member countries designed to protect the planet, promote shared prosperity, and end poverty. And two of those goals, Sustainable Development Goals six and 14 are directly tied to water. And unfortunately, these are among the most underfunded of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. So there is a material funding gap that blue bonds can help address.
And lastly, blue bonds have the capacity to drive economic growth on a global scale. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development estimates that the ocean economy could potentially double in size to USD 3 trillion by 2030.
At T. Rowe Price we believe that, like sustainable bonds, blue bonds, which are, of course, a subset of sustainable bonds, require an additional element of evaluation and rigor.
There are four elements that we believe are important to consider in the evaluation and analysis of blue bonds.
So, the first one is the sustainable investing profile of the issuer itself. And that's absolutely critical because you need to see congruence with the issuer’s ambition, its targets, its overall goals, and the actual blue bond that it's issuing. That's the first element.
The second element has to do with industry standards. And here we're looking for real ambition, best-practice ambition, and alignment with industry standards.
And the third element has to do with bond credibility. And here, we are looking for clear evidence of ambition and credibility of the bond itself and the deployment of proceeds, and we're looking for it over the life of the bond.
The fourth and final element we'll talk about today is the post-issuance reporting. And here we are looking for very clear reporting around the actual distribution of capital into blue economy elements. And that's very important. In addition, we are looking for post-issuance impact reporting, and here would like to see quantifiable, tangible evidence of that coming through over the life of the bond.
So, if you think about the four elements we've talked about and why we focus on them at T. Rowe ([Price], one of the things we believe they will help us do is identify and potentially mitigate against greenwashing.
In the blue bond sphere, this is known as bluewashing, and this refers to a scenario where a financial product potentially overstates its own sustainability impact and outcomes and/or the issuer overstates — again focused on the blue economy — its own sustainability ambitions, targets and outcomes.
At T. Rowe Price, we're very excited about the potential opportunity for the blue bond market. We look at the parallel for the green bond market. And of course, blue bonds are a subset of green bonds. But we've seen the green bond market go from a very nascent asset class 10 to 15 years ago, to being well over USD 2 trillion*, and that's on data out of the Climate Bonds Initiative.
Samy Muaddi
Head of Emerging Markets Fixed Income
Samy Muaddi is a Portfolio Manager in the International Fixed Income Division, focused on emerging markets.
Issuance of sustainable debt has exploded over the past 10 years2 as investors seek investment returns by allocating capital towards sustainability efforts. Blue financing is an emerging area of sustainable finance, helping to support ocean-friendly or clean water projects that form a part of the blue economy. Projects span regions, sectors, and asset classes, offering possibilities for fixed income diversification.
T. Rowe Price’s Tongai Kunorubwe, Head of ESG Fixed Income contributed to the latest IFC Insights on the Marine Plastics Crisis in East Asia and the Pacific.
1Source: https://www.oecd.org/ocean/topics/ocean-economy/
2Sources: BloombergNEF and Bloomberg L.P
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