Terms of Use

1. Scope

• These websites are owned and operated by T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries and affiliates (collectively, “T. Rowe Price”).
  
  
• If you are a client  of T. Rowe Price, your client  relationship is also governed by your account agreements and related documentation. If there is any conflict between these Terms of Use and your account agreements, then your account agreements will govern. 
  
  
• Certain sections, pages, or applications on these websites (Sections) may contain separate terms and conditions, which are in addition to these Terms of Use. You should read those additional terms and conditions carefully. By accessing such Sections, you agree to be bound by those additional terms and conditions. In the event of a conflict, those additional terms and conditions will govern your use of those Sections. You may be asked to execute supplemental agreements before you are permitted to access or use certain features or functionality within these websites (each, a “Supplemental Agreement”). In the case of Supplemental Agreements presented to you online, you authorize T. Rowe Price to rely upon “checks” or “clicks” in designated locations as your electronic signature and your agreement to the terms of such Supplemental Agreements. These Terms of Use are in addition to any Supplemental Agreement and are not intended to supersede or modify any such Supplemental Agreement.
  
  
• Other Related Agreements and Information.Your use of these websites may also be subject to other agreements and information provided in these websites.
  

2. Product Information

• Nothing on these websites should be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell a security or any other investment product or service, by any person in any jurisdiction or country where such offer, solicitation, purchase, sale, or other product or service would be contrary to any applicable local law or regulation or would subject T. Rowe Price to any registration or licensing requirement in such jurisdiction. It is your responsibility to inform yourself of any applicable legal and regulatory restrictions and to ensure that your access and use of this information does not contravene any such restrictions and to observe all applicable laws and regulations of any relevant jurisdiction. Professional advice should be sought in cases of doubt, as any failure to do so may constitute a breach of the securities laws in any such jurisdiction.
  
  
• Each time you access these websites for any purpose, you shall be deemed to represent, warrant and covenant to T. Rowe Price that you are not (a) located in, or a national or resident of, or associated with the government of, any country that is subject to trade sanctions, or (b) on any prohibited party list or acting on behalf of or owned or controlled by any person or entity on any such list.

3. Limitations Regarding Information Presented

• These websites are not intended to provide legal, tax, or investment advice. In general, the information contained in these websites has been prepared without reference to any particular user’s personal situation. Unless specifically stated otherwise, these websites do not provide recommendations concerning investments, investment strategies, or account types; they are not individualized to the needs of any specific investor and are not intended to suggest that any particular investment action is appropriate for you., Any tax-related discussion contained in these websites, including any attachments/links, is not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of (i) avoiding any tax penalties or (ii) promoting, marketing, or recommending to any other party any transaction or matter addressed herein. Please consult your independent legal counsel and/or tax professional regarding any legal or tax issues raised in this material.
  
  
• Before investing, you should consider whether any investment, investment strategy, security, other asset, or related transaction is appropriate for you based on your personal investment objectives, financial circumstances, and risk tolerance. You are also encouraged to consult your independent legal, tax, or investment professional regarding your specific situation.
  

4. Privacy of Information

• While using these websites, you may be asked to provide certain information to us, such as categories of products and services in which you are interested, account information, or contact or other personal information, in order to use certain capabilities and/or to invest in T. Rowe Price products or enroll in T. Rowe Price services.

• All such information may be accessible to T. Rowe Price personnel, is subject to possible retention, and may be used and disclosed consistent with our Privacy Notice, which can be accessed at any time by clicking on the Privacy Notice link that is in the footer of each page of these websites.

5. Intellectual Property Rights

• Ownership: These websites, including the content made available on or generated through use of these websites, including, but not limited to any and all text, graphics, layout, software code, applications, data, information, displays, images, audio, video, designs, domain names, trademarks, trade names and trade identities, materials, the look and feel of these websites, the compilation, assembly and arrangement of the content of these websites; and downloadable and non-downloadable output generated through your use of these websites (Site Content) are owned, controlled or licensed by T. Rowe Price, its subsidiaries, or its affiliates, and are protected from unauthorized use, copying and dissemination by copyright, trademark, patent, trade secret, proprietary rights, and other intellectual property laws, rules, regulations, and international treaties. Accordingly, except as expressly provided in these Terms, you may not copy, reproduce, distribute, modify, adapt, republish, upload, post, display, perform, encode, translate, transmit, reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile, mirror, embed, frame-in, or otherwise use these websites and their Site Content in any way for any purpose without our express written permission. You may not link to these websites unless you comply with the linking rules and conditions listed below (Linking Conditions) and to the extent you comply with the Linking Conditions at all times, you are granted limited, revocable nonexclusive rights to create a hyperlink to these websites (Link).
  
  
• Permitted Uses: Subject to your compliance with these Terms of Use, you may access, display, download, and/or print portions of these websites and their Site Contents solely for your personal and non-commercial use, so long as you do not delete or modify any copyright, trademark, or other proprietary notices (Permitted Use). Any other use of the Site Contents or these websites without the prior written consent of T. Rowe Price is strictly prohibited. To obtain written consent, please contact intellectualproperty@troweprice.com.
  
  
• Intellectual Property Claims: We reserve the right to remove from these websites any content that is alleged to infringe someone’s intellectual property rights. If you reasonably believe that your intellectual property rights have been used in a way on these websites that gives rise to concerns of infringement, please contact intellectualproperty@troweprice.com with the necessary information required under applicable local laws.
  
  
• Scraping / AI Usage Prohibition:  You may not use any “deep-link,” “page-scrape,” “robot,” “spider,” “crawler,” or other automatic device, program, algorithm, or methodology, or any similar or equivalent manual process, to access, acquire, copy, monitor, harvest, mine, compile, collect, or scrape any portion of these websites or any Site Contents, except for purposes of indexing for inclusion in a public search engine. Furthermore, T. Rowe Price expressly prohibits any use of these websites or Site Content (including any associated metadata) in any manner for any machine learning and/or artificial intelligence purposes, including without limitation for the purposes of training, finetuning, or development of artificial intelligence technologies or tools or machine learning language models, or otherwise for the purposes of using or in connection with the use of such technologies, tools or models to generate any data or content and/or to synthesize or combine with any other data or content.
  
  
• Trademarks: All trademarks, service marks, and logos (collectively and individually, “T. Rowe Price Trademarks”) on these websites belong to T. Rowe Price or one of its affiliates, except for third-party trademarks and service marks, which are and remain the property of their respective owners. You are prohibited from using any marks found on these websites for any purpose whatsoever, including, but not limited to, use as metatags on other pages or sites on the World Wide Web without the written permission of T. Rowe Price or such third party, which may own the marks. All goodwill generated from the use of the T. Rowe Price Trademarks on any website will inure to our benefit. A non-exhaustive list of T. Rowe Price Trademarks can be found on our Intellectual Property page.

6. Linking Conditions

• Unless you and T. Rowe Price have agreed otherwise in writing, you may link to www.troweprice.com or to the homepage of any of the T. Rowe Price websites accessible via this domain provided that you strictly comply with the following requirements:
  • Do not incorporate any Site Content into your website (e.g., by in-lining, framing or creating other browser or border environments around the Site Content). You may only link to these websites by providing an underlined, textual link (Authorized Link).
  • You may not present the Authorized Link in a manner that suggests T. Rowe Price has any relationship or affiliation with your site or endorses your site, products or services.
  • Your site must not present false and misleading information about T. Rowe Price, its products or services.
  • You may not use any of the T. Rowe Price Trademarks or any other words or codes identifying T. Rowe Price in any metatag or other information used by search engines or other information location tools to identify and select sites without T. Rowe Price's express, prior written permission for a particular use.
  • The Authorized Link must comply with all applicable laws and these Terms of Use.
     
• T. Rowe Price is in no way responsible or liable for any content, advertising, product, or other materials on or available from any site owned by a third party that may be linked to these websites via hyperlink, whether such hyperlink is provided by T. Rowe Price or by a third party. Any such link or reference to a third-party site does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation with respect to the content, advertising, product or other materials on such site.

7. Third-Party Content

1. Third-Party Content on These Websites
   • These websites include general news and information, commentary, interactive tools, quotes, research reports, data and other material, including ratings, concerning the financial markets, securities, and other subjects. Some of this content is supplied by companies that are not affiliated with any T. Rowe Price entity (Third-Party Content). The Third-Party Content is protected by copyright pursuant to applicable laws and international treaties and is owned or licensed by the providers, their affiliates or their suppliers of such Third-Party Content (Third-Party Content Providers). You acknowledge and agree that the Third-Party Content is and shall remain valuable intellectual property owned by the Third-Party Content Providers, and that no proprietary rights are being transferred to you with respect to such content. Reproduction of any Third-Party Content in any form is prohibited except with the prior written permission of the Third-Party Content Provider credited. Any use by you of such Third-Party Content beyond the scope of the services provided to you by T. Rowe Price generally requires a license from the Third-Party Content Provider, along with an associated fee based on usage.
   • The Third-Party Content is provided for informational and/or educational purposes only. It is not intended to provide tax, legal, or investment advice, and should not be construed as an offer to buy or sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation for any security by T. Rowe Price or any Third-Party Content Provider. Users are responsible for determining whether any investment, security or strategy is appropriate or suitable for them.
   • The inclusion of any Third-Party Content on these websites does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation from T. Rowe Price of such Third-Party Content or the Third-Party Content Provider. Neither T. Rowe Price nor any Third-Party Content Provider guarantees the accuracy, timeliness, completeness, usefulness, or availability of Third-Party Content, nor is T. Rowe Price or any Third-Party Content Provider responsible for any errors or omissions in Third-Party Content (negligent or otherwise), regardless of the cause, or for the results obtained from the use of such Third-Party Content. You accept and assume all risks of using any Third-Party Content. In no event shall T. Rowe Price or any Third-Party Content Provider be liable for any damages, costs, expenses, legal fees, or losses (including lost income or lost profit and opportunity costs) in connection with any use of Third-Party Content.
   • Third-Party Content shall not be distributed or redistributed in any manner by you or your agents. To the extent T. Rowe Price provides Third-Party Content to you or an agent, including a third-party service provider you have designated for receipt of such Third-Party Content, your receipt and use and that of your agent is subject to certain restrictions and terms and conditions pursuant to these Terms of Use and as required by the Third-Party Content Providers. Pursuant to these Terms of Use, and as required by the Third-Party Content Providers, you understand and acknowledge that you and your agents, inclusive of any third-party service providers, are prohibited from distributing, redistributing, exporting to, downloading, providing access to, directly or indirectly, or otherwise transferring Third-Party Content received from T. Rowe Price to any party, including, but not limited to, any other service provider or vendor. You shall be liable and responsible to T. Rowe Price for any actions or omissions, including any unauthorized or inadvertent receipt, use, or misuse of Third-Party Content by you or your agent in violation of these Terms of Use, or any other obligations that are made to T. Rowe Price by you.
   • T. Rowe Price, in its sole discretion, reserves the right to immediately, without notice, suspend or terminate your or your agents’, including your third-party service providers’, access to, or your or your agents’ right to use, the Third-Party Content and that upon termination or suspension of such access or use or upon the termination of your relationship, you shall cease and shall cause all of your agents to cease all use of and delete or purge any and all of the Third-Party Content. T. Rowe Price will not be liable to you for any modification or discontinuance of such access to the Third-Party Content whether as a result of T. Rowe Price’s suspension or termination of the Third-Party Content, your relationship with T. Rowe Price or for any other reason.
   • You agree that the foregoing terms and conditions shall survive any termination of your or your agents’ or third-party service providers’ right of access to the Third-Party Content.


2. Third-Party Content Available Through Framed Areas or via Hyperlink to Third- Party Sites
   • Certain third-party content may also be available through framed areas or hyperlinks to third-party sites. By clicking on any third-party hyperlink, you will leave the T. Rowe Price site. T. Rowe Price has not been involved in the preparation of the content from these third-party providers and does not explicitly or implicitly endorse or approve such content. No judgment or warranty is made with respect to the accuracy, timeliness, completeness, usefulness, availability, or suitability of the content of any site to which T. Rowe Price may link. 

8. Timeliness of Content

• All content on these websites is presented only as of the date and time published or indicated and may be superseded by subsequent market events or for other reasons. Users are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements (indicated by language such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” or similar words) which were based on information available at the time they were made. T. Rowe Price undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any dated, forward-looking, or other statements.
  

9. Accuracy of Content

• ALTHOUGH T. ROWE PRICE TRIES TO INCLUDE ACCURATE AND TIMELY INFORMATION ON THESE WEBSITES, THERE MAY BE INADVERTENT INACCURACIES AND ERRORS, AND NEITHER T. ROWE PRICE NOR ITS THIRD- PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS WARRANT THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, AVAILABILITY OR TIMELINESS OF THESE WEBSITES OR ANY INFORMATION, TEXT, GRAPHICS, LINKS, OR OTHER T. ROWE PRICE OR THIRD-PARTY CONTENT ON THESE WEBSITES.
  
  
• T. ROWE PRICE MAY CHANGE THESE WEBSITES AND ANY CONTENT THEREON AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE, BUT T. ROWE PRICE DOES NOT WARRANT THAT ANY DEFECTS OR INACCURACIES WILL BE CORRECTED OR THAT THEY WILL BE CORRECTED IN A TIMELY MANNER.
  

10. Prohibited Uses and Termination of Access

• You may use these websites only as permitted by law.
  
  
• Any attempts to impair the integrity or availability of the information and communication technology (ICT) (to include data, a program, a system, or information) is prohibited. 
  
  
• Attempts to access computers and ICT infrastructure that are not open to the public are prohibited.
  
  
• You may use these websites and their Site Content only for personal, non-commercial purposes and in strict compliance with the restrictions and requirements set forth in the Intellectual Property Rights section.
  
  
• You may not do any of the following: (a) use these websites in any manner that could damage or overburden any T. Rowe Price server or any network connected to any T. Rowe Price server; (b) use these websites in any manner that would interfere with any other party’s use of these websites; or (c) introduce or permit any person to introduce into these websites any code or malicious or hidden mechanisms that would impair the operation of these websites, or of T. Rowe Price’s computers, networks, or other devices or software.
  
  
• You may not access these websites through devices or services that are designed to provide high-speed, automated, repeated access, unless such devices are approved or made available by T. Rowe Price.
  
  
• You may not use any feature or service made available by these websites to interact with any T. Rowe Price computer, network or service other than for the purposes and in the manner for which the feature or service is made available to, and is intended to be used by, users of these websites.
  
  
• Certain parts of these websites are protected by passwords or require a login. You may not obtain or attempt to obtain unauthorized access to such parts of these websites or to any other protected materials or information, through any means not intentionally made available by T. Rowe Price for your specific use.
  
  
• Use or disclosure of any content or materials from these websites, including Third-Party Content, in any manner inconsistent with these Terms of Use or any other obligations that are made to T. Rowe Price by you, may result in immediate and irreparable harm to T. Rowe Price and/or the Third-Party Content Providers, and any remedies at law in such event may not be adequate. Accordingly, in addition to all other remedies available at law or in equity, T. Rowe Price and its Third-Party Content Providers shall have the right to seek equitable and injunctive relief, without the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond, to prevent such unauthorized, negligent, or inadvertent use or disclosure, and to recover the amount of all such damages (including attorneys’ fees and expenses) incurred in connection with such use or disclosure. Additionally, T. Rowe Price is not waiving or purporting to waive any rights that the Third-Party Content Providers may have to pursue any and all claims against you or your agents in connection with the unauthorized use or disclosure of Third-Party Content.
  
  
• T. Rowe Price may terminate or suspend your access to these websites for any violation of the provisions of these Terms of Use or for any reason whatsoever at its sole discretion and without prior notice.

11. Password Security and Notification

• If you have a password for access to nonpublic areas of these websites, you are solely responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of any username, password, and other security data, methods, and devices. Use a strong and unique password for each online account. Further, you are responsible for all activities that occur in connection with your access credentials or password, including all instructions electronically transmitted to T. Rowe Price via these websites and all use of any data, information or services obtained using your access credentials or password and other security data. T. Rowe Price shall not be under any duty to inquire as to the authority or propriety of any instructions given to T. Rowe Price by you or by a person who has logged on using your access credentials or password, shall be entitled to act upon any such instructions, and will not be liable for any loss, cost, expense, or other liability arising out of any such instructions. Accordingly, you should take steps to protect the confidentiality of your access credentials or password.
  
  
• As an authorized user of nonpublic areas of these websites, you accept full responsibility for the monitoring of your account, including frequently checking your account information, reviewing your transaction history online, and promptly reviewing any correspondence, account statements, and confirmations received from T. Rowe Price. Notify T. Rowe Price immediately if you become aware of any unauthorized activity, disclosure, loss, or theft, or unauthorized use of your password. You agree to cooperate with T. Rowe Price in any investigation and agree to take corrective measures to protect your account from further fraudulent activity.
  

12. Security of Electronic Communications

• Electronic (including wired and wireless) communications to or from T. Rowe Price may not be encrypted. You acknowledge that there is no guarantee that data, including email, electronic and wireless communications, and personal data, will not be accessed by unauthorized third parties when communicated between you and T. Rowe Price or between you and other parties.
  

13. DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES

• NEITHER T. ROWE PRICE NOR ITS THIRD-PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS MAKE ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES ABOUT THESE WEBSITES OR THE CONTENT PRESENTED ON THESE WEBSITES, INCLUSIVE OF ANY THIRD-PARTY CONTENT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. THESE WEBSITES AND ALL SITE CONTENT ARE MADE AVAILABLE TO YOU “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE.”
  
  
• T. ROWE PRICE DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THESE WEBSITES WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, OR SECURE. IF YOU DOWNLOAD ANY SITE CONTENT FROM THESE WEBSITES, YOU DO SO AT YOUR RISK, AND YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER OR OTHER ELECTRONIC SYSTEM OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS.
  
  
• NEITHER T. ROWE PRICE NOR ITS THIRD-PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS WARRANT THAT THE RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THE USE OF THESE WEBSITES OR THE SITE CONTENT PRESENTED ON THESE WEBSITES, INCLUDING THIRD-PARTY CONTENT, WILL BE ACCURATE OR RELIABLE, OR THAT THESE WEBSITES OR ANY PRODUCTS, SERVICES, INFORMATION, OR OTHER SITE CONTENT PURCHASED OR OBTAINED BY YOU THROUGH THESE WEBSITES WILL MEET YOUR NEEDS OR EXPECTATIONS.
  
  
• IF YOU LIVE IN A COUNTRY OR JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ALLOW WARRANTIES TO BE LIMITED OR DISCLAIMED, SOME OR ALL OF THESE PROVISIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

14. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

• NEITHER T. ROWE PRICE NOR ANY THIRD-PARTY CONTENT PROVIDER WILL BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANYONE ELSE FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT OR OTHERWISE. T. ROWE PRICE AND ITS THIRD-PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM LIABILITY FOR LOST PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, AND/OR ANY DAMAGES THAT RESULT FROM USE OF OR LOSS OF USE OF THESE WEBSITES AND MATERIALS ON THESE WEBSITES (WHETHER PROVIDED BY T. ROWE PRICE OR THIRD PARTIES). THIS DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY APPLIES EVEN IF T. ROWE PRICE AND/OR ITS THIRD-PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR LOSSES.
  
  
• T. ROWE PRICE WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU OR ANYONE ELSE FOR ANY LOSS RESULTING FROM A CAUSE OVER WHICH T. ROWE PRICE DOES NOT HAVE DIRECT CONTROL. THIS INCLUDES FAILURE OF ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT OR COMMUNICATIONS LINES (INCLUDING TELEPHONE, CABLE, AND INTERNET), UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, VIRUSES, THEFT, OPERATOR ERRORS, SEVERE OR EXTRAORDINARY WEATHER (INCLUDING FLOOD, EARTHQUAKE, OR OTHER ACT OF GOD), FIRE, WAR, INSURRECTION, TERRORIST ACT, RIOT, LABOR DISPUTE AND OTHER LABOR PROBLEMS, ACCIDENT, EMERGENCY OR ACTION OF GOVERNMENT.
  
  
• IF YOU LIVE IN A  COUNTRY OR JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SOME OR ALL OF THESE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IF THE LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITIES OR REMEDIES IN THESE TERMS OF USE ARE DETERMINED BY A COURT OR ARBITRATION PANEL TO NOT APPLY TO YOU OR TO BE UNENFORCEABLE FOR ANY REASON, THEN YOU EXPRESSLY AGREE THAT THESE PROVISIONS WILL BE CONSTRUED TO APPLY TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW AND THAT UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL THE TOTAL, AGGREGATE LIABILITY OF T. ROWE PRICE AND ALL THIRD-PARTY CONTENT PROVIDERS FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, THESE WEBSITES, OR ANY T. ROWE PRICE OR THIRD-PARTY CONTENT ON THESE WEBSITES, EXCEED $100.

15. Indemnification

• As a condition of your use of these websites, you agree to indemnify and hold T. Rowe Price and its Third-Party Content Providers harmless from and against any and all claims, losses, liability, costs, and expenses (including but not limited to attorneys’ fees) arising from or related to your use of these websites, the Site Content, or any Third-Party Content on these websites, or from your violation of these Terms of Use.
  

16. Modification of These Terms of Use

• T. Rowe Price may modify these Terms of Use at any time without notice to you, except where required by law. When we make changes to these Terms of Use, we will change the “Last Updated” date specified at the beginning of these Terms of Use. The most current version of these Terms of Use can be reviewed by clicking on the “Terms of Use” link located at the bottom of these websites. Use of these websites shall constitute acceptance by you of the Terms of Use in effect as of such time.
  

17. Governing Law

• These Terms of Use and their enforcement for the T. Rowe Price websites offered in the United States are governed by the laws of the state of Maryland, without regard to conflicts of law, and shall inure to the benefit of T. Rowe Price’s successors and assigns, whether by merger, consolidation, or otherwise.
  

18. Severability

• If a court of competent jurisdiction deems any provision of these Terms of Use to be unenforceable or in conflict with applicable laws, rules, or regulations, either present or future, that provision will be enforced to the maximum extent permissible, and the remaining provisions will remain in full force and effect.
  

19. Contact Us

• For questions about these Terms of Use, your account, or other concerns or inquiries, please contact us.