Why There’s More To China Than Just Big Tech

The growth and sheer dynamism of the Chinese economy and its stock market continue to offer the potential for attractive returns for active investors in Chinese equities. It has arguably become the most dynamic equity market in the world, with more than 6,500 investable companies listed onshore and offshore. Indeed, China’s equity market capitalisation has increased by some 25 times since 2002 and it is now the second largest stock market globally, by market cap. Moreover, this growth in listed Chinese equities has occurred across a range of innovative sectors.

Despite the expanding breadth and depth of the market, however, there are a handful of huge companies which have come to dominate China and emerging market equity indices. As a result, most investors holdings in Chinese equities – be it via China, Asia or emerging markets funds – tend to be concentrated in a small number of well-known companies that have already achieved ‘mega-cap’ status. 

Allocation skewed towards mega-caps 

Currently, there are a little over 700 Chinese companies listed in the MSCI China Index – but that only equates to around 10% of the total investable universe. In short, the index is not an accurate representation of the full opportunity set. Furthermore, the largest 100 stocks by market cap account for around a staggering 60% of the MSCI China Index. 

Even within dedicated China equity funds, data reveals that they tend to gravitate towards this small subset of the market. Taking an average across the largest funds in the Morningstar China funds sector, over 50% of their assets is invested in these mega-cap names. The remaining 6,000+ companies – an incredible 99% of the investable market – are being largely ignored. While many of these mega-caps will have rewarded investors and remain sound companies, it is this overlooked section of the market where we believe many of the investable success stories of tomorrow lie.

A-shares still under-represented

Chinese equities can be broadly categorised as being onshore, A-shares, or offshore, primarily H-shares (Hong Kong listed) and ADRs (American Depositary Receipts). The opportunity for active investors lies not only in the different companies listed in each of the markets but also in the different investor bases that operate in each market.

A-shares market are by far the biggest investment universe by both number of companies and market cap, yet this dynamic, fast evolving part of the market is greatly underrepresented in both the index and many China funds; H-shares continue to dominate even though they now make up just 20% of listed Chinese equities by market cap. On the other hand, A-shares make up over three quarters of Chinese equity markets but represent less than one fifth of the MSCI China Index, and roughly only a quarter of the average top 10 holdings in dedicated China funds (see Fig. 2).

This underrepresentation is important, not only because of the broad range of investable opportunities A-shares have to offer, but also because the A-share market remains highly inefficient given its retail-driven investor base. It is a high liquid, high velocity market, with local retail investors accounting for approximately 70% of market turnover and an average holding period of around just 15 days¹. 

Furthermore, a lack of sell-side coverage outside of a handful of A-share companies serves only to exacerbate these inefficiencies and creates mispricing opportunities. Coverage of A-share companies with a sizeable market capitalisation of between US$5-US$30 billion are covered, on average, by 12 analysts. For companies with a market cap below US$5 billion, the average falls to just two². As such, we believe the A-share market presents an attractive opportunity set for skilled fundamental, active investors to invest in potentially mispriced assets.

That said, it’s not just about A-shares either. We encourage investors to take a truly holistic approach to the China universe to be able to identify the best opportunities across the entire on-shore/off-shore universe thereby maximising both diversification and alpha generation.

Capital market reforms have expanded the investable universe 

A decade ago, the ability to invest in local markets for foreign investors was still highly restrictive, with access via a largely complex and limited quota system, referred to as QF-II. In recent years, however, reforms led by the Chinese government aimed at opening up their markets to overseas capital, resulted in the launch of the Stock Connect program in 2014. This facility connects the onshore (Shanghai) and offshore (Hong Kong) stock markets, enabling foreign investors to access local shares and local Chinese investors access to offshore markets. This instantly expanded the investable universe for foreign investors and the correlation of the China A-shares market with global indices has increased markedly since 2015 as a result. This rise in correlation means it has become more important for investors seeking diversification to explore less crowded opportunities outside of the well-owned mega-caps. 

The scale of the opportunity and the ability today to invest across both onshore and offshore markets provides global investors with the potential to invest in future winners today before they reach mega-cap status. And yet, investors who are led by mainstream indices in the size and make-up of their China equity allocation could be missing out. Chinese equities are both under-represented and under-explored in most investors’ portfolios, with many exposed merely to a handful of the largest and most owned companies. Indeed, for the majority, they will likely already have exposure to these names through existing global emerging or Asia portfolios. While many of these mega-caps will have rewarded investors and remain sound companies, it is the overlooked and highly inefficient part of the market outside of that narrow subset that, in our view, warrants a deeper look and presents attractive potential for outsized alpha generation. As such, we believe it presents an abundant opportunity for the curious investor willing to go beyond the obvious. 

¹ Source: Goldman Sachs 

² Source: I/B/E/S © 2023 Refinitiv. All rights reserved.